Applied Strength of Materials, CourseSmart eTextbook, 5th Edition

For undergraduate, introductory level courses in Statics and Strength of Materials, in departments of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Civil Engineering Technology, Construction Engineering Technology or Manufacturing Engineering Technology  

 

This text features a strong presentation of the fundamentals of strength of materials (or mechanics of materials) integrated with an emphasis on applications to many fields of engineering and engineering technology. The approach to mathematics use in the book satisfies both those programs where calculus use is expected and those for which college algebra and trigonometry are the prerequisite skills needed by the students.

Preface

1          Basic Concepts in Strength of Materials

The Big Picture

1-1       Objective of This Book — To Ensure Safety

1-2       Objectives of This Chapter

1-3       Problem-solving Procedure

1-4       Basic Unit Systems

1-5       Relationship Among Mass, Force, and Weight

1-6       The Concept of Stress

1-7       Direct Normal Stress

1-8       Stress Elements for Direct Normal Stresses

1-9       The Concept of Strain

1-10     Direct Shear Stress

1-11     Stress Element for Shear Stresses

1-12     Preferred Sizes and Standard Shapes

1-13     Experimental and Computational Stress

 

2          Design Properties of Materials

The Big Picture

2-1       Objectives of This Chapter

2-2       Design Properties of Materials

2-3       Steel

2-4       Cast Iron

2-5       Aluminum

2-6       Copper, Brass, and Bronze

2-7       Zinc, Magnesium, Titanium, and Nickel-Based Alloys

2-8       Nonmetals in Engineering Design

2-9       Wood

2-10     Concrete

2-11     Plastics

2-12     Composites

2-13     Materials Selection

3          Direct Stress, Deformation, and Design

The Big Picture and Activity

3-1       Objectives of this Chapter

3-2       Design of Members under Direct Tension or Compression

3-3       Design Normal Stresses

3-4       Design Factor

3-5       Design Approaches and Guidelines for Design Factors

3-6       Methods of Computing Design Stress

3-7       Elastic Deformation in Tension and Compression Members

3-8       Deformation Due to Temperature Changes

3-9       Thermal Stress

3-10     Members Made of More Than One Material

3-11     Stress Concentration Factors for Direct Axial Stresses

3-12     Bearing Stress

3-13     Design Bearing Stress

3-14     Design Shear Stress

 

4        Torsional Shear Stress and Torsional Deformation

The Big Picture

4-1       Objectives of This Chapter

4-2       Torque, Power, and Rotational Speed

4-3       Torsional Shear Stress in Members with Circular Cross Sections

4-4       Development of the Torsional Shear Stress Formula

4-5       Polar Moment of Inertia for Solid Circular Bars

4-6       Torsional Shear Stress and Polar Moment of Inertia for Hollow Circular Bars

4-7       Design of Circular Members under Torsion

4-8       Comparison of Solid and Hollow Circular Members

4-9       Stress Concentrations in Torsionally Loaded Members

4-10     Twisting — Elastic Torsional Deformation

4-11     Torsion in Noncircular Sections

5        Shearing Forces and Bending Moments in Beams

The Big Picture

5-1       Objectives of this Chapter

5-2       Beam Loading, Supports, and Types of Beams

5-3       Reactions at Supports

5-4       Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Concentrated Loads

5-5       Guidelines for Drawing Beam Diagrams for Concentrated Loads

5-6       Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Distributed Loads

5-7       General Shapes Found in Bending Moment Diagrams

5-8       Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Cantilever Beams

5-9       Beams with Linearly Varying Distributed Loads

5-10     Free-Body Diagrams of Parts of Structures

5-11     Mathematical Analysis of Beam Diagrams

5-12     Continuous Beams — Theorem of Three Moments

6        Centroids and Moments of Inertia of Areas

 

The Big Picture

6-1       Objectives of This Chapter

6-2       The Concept of Centroid — Simple Shapes

6-3       Centroid of Complex Shapes

6-4       The Concept of Moment of Inertia

6-5       Moment of Inertia for Composite Shapes Whose Parts have the Same Centroidal Axis

6-6      Moment of Inertia for Composite Shapes — General Case — Use of the Parallel Axis Theorem

6-7       Mathematical Definition of Moment of Inertia

6-8       Composite Sections Made from Commercially Available Shapes

6-9       Moment of Inertia for Shapes with all Rectangular Parts

6-10     Radius of Gyration

6-11     Section Modulus

7        Stress Due to Bending

The Big Picture

7-1       Objectives of This Chapter

7-2       The Flexure Formula

7-3       Conditions on the Use of the Flexure Formula

7-4       Stress Distribution on a Cross Section of a Beam

7-5       Derivation of the Flexure Formula

7-6       Applications — Beam Analysis

7-7       Applications — Beam Design and Design Stresses

7-8       Section Modulus and Design Procedures

7-9       Stress Concentrations

7-10     Flexural Center or Shear Center

7-11     Preferred Shapes for Beam Cross Sections

7-12     Design of Beams to be Made from Composite Materials

 

8        Shearing Stresses in Beams

The Big Picture

8-1       Objectives of this Chapter

8-2       Importance of Shearing Stresses in Beams

8-3       The General Shear Formula

8-4       Distribution of Shearing Stress in Beams

8-5       Development of the General Shear Formula

8-6       Special Shear Formulas

8-7       Design for Shear

8-8       Shear Flow

 

9        Deflection of Beams

The Big Picture

9-1       Objectives of this Chapter

9-2       The Need for Considering Beam Deflections

9-3       General Principles and Definitions of Terms

9-4       Beam Deflections Using the Formula Method

9-5       Comparison of the Manner of Support for Beams

9-6       Superposition Using Deflection Formulas

9-7       Successive Integration Method

9-8       Moment-Area Method

 

10      Combined Stresses

The Big Picture

10-1     Objectives of this Chapter

10-2     The Stress Element

10-3     Stress Distribution Created by Basic Stresses

10-4     Creating the Initial Stress Element

10-5     Combined Normal Stresses

10-6     Combined Normal and Shear Stresses

10-7     Equations for Stresses in Any Direction

10-8     Maximum Stresses

10-9     Mohr’s Circle for Stress

10-10   Stress Condition on Selected Planes

10-11   Special Case in which Both Principal Stresses have the Same Sign

10-12   Use of Strain-Gage Rosettes to Determine Principal Stresses

 

11 Columns

The Big Picture

11-1     Objectives of this Chapter

11-2     Slenderness Ratio

11-3     Transition Slenderness Ratio

11-4     The Euler Formula for Long Columns

11-5     The J. B. Johnson Formula for Short Columns

11-6     Summary — Buckling Formulas

11-7     Design Factors and Allowable Load

11-8     Summary — Method of Analyzing Columns

11-9     Column Analysis Spreadsheet

11-10   Efficient Shapes for Columns

11-11   Specifications of the AISC

11-12   Specifications of the Aluminum Association

11-13   Non-Centrally Loaded Columns

12      Pressure Vessels

The Big Picture

12-1     Objectives of this Chapter

12-2     Distinction Between Thin-Walled and Thick-Walled Pressure Vessels

12-3     Thin-Walled Spheres

12-4     Thin-Walled Cylinders

12-5     Thick-Walled Cylinders and Spheres

12-6     Analysis and Design Procedures for Pressure Vessels

12-7     Spreadsheet Aid for Analyzing Thick-Walled Spheres and Cylinders

12-8     Shearing Stress in Cylinders and Spheres

12-9     Other Design Considerations for Pressure Vessels

12-10   Composite Pressure Vessels

 

13 Connections

The Big Picture

13-1     Objectives of this Chapter

13-2     Modes of Failure

13-3     Riveted Connections

13-4     Bolted Connections

13-5     Allowable Stresses for Riveted and Bolted Connections

13-6     Example Problems — Riveted and Bolted Joints

13-7     Eccentrically Loaded Riveted and Bolted Joints

13-8     Welded Joints with Concentric Loads

 

Appendix Answers to Selected Problems Index