Description
A new edition of the best-selling guide to chemical process safety - with important new content on reactivity, safe design, and much more
- Extensive updates throughout, including an all-new chapter on chemical reactivity, responding to the U.S. Chemical Safety Board's new undergraduate chemical engineering education recommendations
- Adds new coverage of safe design, including hot work permits, vessel entry, and more
- An important new resource for today's growing number of chemical engineering students and practitioners
Table of Contents
About the Authors xvii
On the Cover xviii
Nomenclature xix
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1-1 Safety Programs 2
1-2 Engineering Ethics 4
1-3 Accident and Loss Statistics 4
1-4 Acceptable Risk 12
1-5 Public Perceptions 14
1-6 The Nature of the Accident Process 15
1-7 Inherent Safety 20
1-8 Seven Significant Disasters 23
Suggested Reading 31
Problems 32
Chapter 2: Toxicology 37
2-1 How Toxicants Enter Biological Organisms 38
2-2 How Toxicants Are Eliminated from Biological Organisms 41
2-3 Effects of Toxicants on Biological Organisms 42
2-4 Toxicological Studies 43
2-5 Dose versus Response 44
2-6 Models for Dose and Response Curves 50
2-7 Relative Toxicity 56
2-8 Threshold Limit Values 56
2-9 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Diamond 58
On-Line Resources 59
Suggested Reading 60
Problems 60
Chapter 3: Industrial Hygiene 65
3-1 Government Regulations 66
3-2 Industrial Hygiene: Anticipation and Identification 78
3-3 Industrial Hygiene: Evaluation 84
3-4 Industrial Hygiene: Control 99
On-Line Resources 109
Suggested Reading 109
Problems 110
Chapter 4: Source Models 119
4-1 Introduction to Source Models 119
4-2 Flow of Liquid through a Hole 122
4-3 Flow of Liquid through a Hole in a Tank 126
4-4 Flow of Liquids through Pipes 131
4-5 Flow of Gases or Vapors through Holes 140
4-6 Flow of Gases or Vapors through Pipes 146
4-7 Flashing Liquids 163
4-8 Liquid Pool Evaporation or Boiling 169
4-9 Realistic and Worst-Case Releases 170
4-10 Conservative Analysis 172
Suggested Reading 173
Problems 174
Chapter 5: Toxic Release and Dispersion Models 185
5-1 Parameters Affecting Dispersion 186
5-2 Neutrally Buoyant Dispersion Models 190
5-3 Dense Gas Dispersion 209
5-4 Dense Gas Transition to Neutrally Buoyant Gas 219
5-5 Toxic Effect Criteria 225
5-6 Effect of Release Momentum and Buoyancy 233
5-7 Release Mitigation 234
Suggested Reading 235
Problems 236
Chapter 6: Fires and Explosions 245
6-1 The Fire Triangle 245
6-2 Distinction between Fires and Explosions 247
6-3 Definitions 247
6-4 Flammability Characteristics of Liquids and Vapors 249
6-5 Limiting Oxygen Concentration and Inerting 260
6-6 Flammability Diagram 262
6-7 Ignition Energy 270
6-8 Autoignition 270
6-9 Auto-Oxidation 271
6-10 Adiabatic Compression 272
6-11 Ignition Sources 273
6-12 Sprays and Mists 274
6-13 Explosions 275
Suggested Reading 304
Problems 305
Chapter 7: Concepts to Prevent Fires and Explosions 317
7-1 Inerting 318
7-2 Static Electricity 333
7-3 Controlling Static Electricity 356
7-4 Explosion-Proof Equipment and Instruments 363
7-5 Ventilation 367
7-6 Sprinkler Systems 370
7-7 Miscellaneous Concepts for Preventing Fires and Explosions 374
Suggested Reading 374
Problems 375
Chapter 8: Chemical Reactivity 381
8-1 Background Understanding 382
8-2 Commitment,Awareness, and Identification of Reactive Chemical Hazards 384
8-3 Characterization of Reactive Chemical Hazards Using Calorimeters 390
8-4 Controlling Reactive Hazards 416
Suggested Reading 418
Problems 418
Chapter 9: Introduction to Reliefs 429
9-1 Relief Concepts 430
9-2 Definitions 432
9-3 Location of Reliefs 433
9-4 Relief Types and Characteristics 436
9-5 Relief Scenarios 443
9-6 Data for Sizing Reliefs 444
9-7 Relief Systems 444
Suggested Reading 452
Problems 453
Chapter 10: Relief Sizing 459
10-1 Conventional Spring-Operated Reliefs in Liquid Service 460
10-2 Conventional Spring-Operated Reliefs in Vapor or Gas Service 466
10-3 Rupture Disc Reliefs in Liquid Service 470
10-4 Rupture Disc Reliefs in Vapor or Gas Service 471
10-5 Two-Phase Flow during Runaway Reaction Relief 472
10-6 Pilot-Operated and Bucking-Pin Reliefs 481
10-7 Deflagration Venting for Dust and Vapor Explosions 481
10-8 Venting for Fires External to Process Vessels 488
10-9 Reliefs for Thermal Expansion of Process Fluids 492
Suggested Reading 496
Problems 497
Chapter 11: Hazards Identification 505
11-1 Process Hazards Checklists 508
11-2 Hazards Surveys 508
11-3 Hazards and Operability Studies 524
11-4 Safety Reviews 530
11-5 Other Methods 537
Suggested Reading 538
Problems 538
Chapter 12: Risk Assessment 549
12-1 Review of Probability Theory 550
12-2 Event Trees 564
12-3 Fault Trees 569
12-4 QRA and LOPA 577
Suggested Reading 588
Problems 588
Chapter 13: Safety Procedures and Designs 597
13-1 Process Safety Hierarchy 598
13-2 Managing Safety 599
13-3 Best Practices 600
13-4 Procedures–Operating 600
13-5 Procedures–Permits 601
13-6 Procedures–Safety Reviews and Accident Investigations 603
13-7 Designs for Process Safety 604
13-8 Miscellaneous Designs for Fires and Explosions 615
13-9 Designs for Runaway Reactions 615
13-10 Designs for Handling Dusts 616
Suggested Reading 617
Problems 618
Chapter 14: Case Histories 621
14-1 Static Electricity 622
14-2 Chemical Reactivity 626
14-3 System Designs 631
14-4 Procedures 637
14-5 Training 642
14-6 Conclusion 645
Suggested Reading 646
Problems 646
Appendix A: Unit Conversion Constants 649
Appendix B: Flammability Data for Selected Hydrocarbons 653
Appendix C: Detailed Equations for Flammability Diagrams 659
Equations Useful for Gas Mixtures 659
Equations Useful for Placing Vessels into and out of Service 664
Appendix D: Formal Safety Review Report for Example 10-4 669
Appendix E: Saturation Vapor Pressure Data 679
Appendix F: Special Types of Reactive Chemicals 681
Appendix G: Hazardous Chemicals Data for a Variety of Chemical Substances 687
Index 695
Purchase Info
ISBN-10: 0-13-276248-X
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-276248-9
Format: On-line Supplement
$150.00
You can purchase immediate access to this online product with a credit card.
