Elementary Statistics, California Edition w/ CD

• An appendix dedicated to applications based on California specific data.
• Chapter 1 includes a data application based on the California Health Interview Survey.
• Chapter 2 includes a data application involving earthquake magnitudes and depths that were measured in California.
• Chapter 4 has a data application that uses past results of California births from different race or ethnic groups.
• Other data applications involve rainfall in San Francisco, California lottery results, salaries of baseball players for the L. A. Angels and L. A. Dodgers, rankings of California colleges, water runoff amounts in the San Joaquin Valley, on-time flight data at Los Angeles International Airport, and air passenger traffic at the Oakland, Santa Ana, and San Jose airports.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 2

1-1 Review and Preview 4

1-2 Statistical Thinking 4

1-3 Types of Data 11

1-4 Critical Thinking 17

1-5 Collecting Sample Data 26

Chapter 2 Summarizing and Graphing Data 44

2-1 Review and Preview 46

2-2 Frequency Distributions 46

2-3 Histograms 55

2-4 Statistical Graphics 59

2-5 Critical Thinking: Bad Graphs 70

Chapter 3 Statistics for Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data 82

3-1 Review and Preview 84

3-2 Measures of Center 84

3-3 Measures of Variation 99

3-4 Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots 114

Chapter 4 Probability 136

4-1 Review and Preview 138

4-2 Basic Concepts of Probability 138

4-3 Addition Rule 152

4-4 Multiplication Rule: Basics 159

4-5 Multiplication Rule: Complements and Conditional Probability 171

4-6 Probabilities Through Simulations 178

4-7 Counting 184

4-8 Bayes’ Theorem (on CD-ROM) 193

Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions 202

5-1 Review and Preview 204

5-2 Random Variables 205

5-3 Binomial Probability Distributions 218

5-4 Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation for

the Binomial Distribution 229

5-5 Poisson Probability Distributions 234

Chapter 6 Normal Probability Distributions 248

6-1 Review and Preview 250

6-2 The Standard Normal Distribution 251

6-3 Applications of Normal Distributions 264

6-4 Sampling Distributions and Estimators 276

6-5 The Central Limit Theorem 287

6-6 Normal as Approximation to Binomial 299

6-7 Assessing Normality 309

Chapter 7 Estimates and Sample Sizes 326

7-1 Review and Preview 328

7-2 Estimating a Population Proportion 328

7-3 Estimating a Population Mean: Known 345

7-4 Estimating a Population Mean: Not Known 355

7-5 Estimating a Population Variance 370

Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing 390

8-1 Review and Preview 392

8-2 Basics of Hypothesis Testing 393

8-3 Testing a Claim About a Proportion 412

8-4 Testing a Claim About a Mean: Known 425

8-5 Testing a Claim About a Mean: Not Known 432

8-6 Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance 443

Chapter 9 Inferences from Two Samples 460

9-1 Review and Preview 462

9-2 Inferences About Two Proportions 462

9-3 Inferences About Two Means: Independent Samples 473

9-4 Inferences from Dependent Samples 487

9-5 Comparing Variation in Two Samples 497

Chapter 10 Correlation and Regression 516

10-1 Review and Preview 518

10-2 Correlation 518

10-3 Regression 536

10-4 Variation and Prediction Intervals 551

10-5 Multiple Regression 560

10-6 Modeling 570

Chapter 11 Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables 584

11-1 Review and Preview 586

11-2 Goodness-of-Fit 586

11-3 Contingency Tables 598

11-4 McNemar’s Test for Matched Pairs 611

Chapter 12 Analysis of Variance 626

12-1 Review and Preview 628

12-2 One-Way ANOVA 628

12-3 Two-Way ANOVA 642

Chapter 13 Nonparametric Statistics 660

13-1 Review and Preview 662

13-2 Sign Test 663

13-3 Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs 674

13-4 Wilcoxon Ranked-Sum Test for Two Independent Samples 680

13-5 Kruskal-Wallis Test 686

13-6 Rank Correlation 691

13-7 Runs Test for Randomness 699

California Data Applications Supplement 715

Appendices 753

Appendix A: Tables 754

Appendix B: Data Sets 775

Appendix C: Bibliography of Books and Web Sites 804

Appendix D: Answers to Odd-Numbered Section Exercises, plus Answers to All End-of-Chapter Statistical Literacy and Critical Thinking Exercises, Chapter Quick Quizzes, Review Exercises, and Cumulative Review Exercises 805

Credits 851

Index 853