Lab Experiments, 8th Edition

To the Student.


Laboratory Safety and Work Instructions.


 1. Basic Laboratory Techniques.


 2. Identification of Substances by Physical Properties.


 3. Separation of the Components of a Mixture.


 4. Chemical Reactions.


 5. Chemical Formulas.


 6. Chemical Reactions of Copper and Percent Yield.


 7. Chemicals in Everyday Life: What Are They and How Do We Know?


 8. Gravimetric Analysis of a Chloride Salt.


 9. Gravimetric Determination of Phosphorus in Plant Food.


10. Paper Chromatography: Separation of Cations and Dyes.


11. Molecular Geometries of Covalent Molecules: Lewis Structures and VSEPR Theory.


12. Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure.


13. Behavior of Gases: Molar Mass of a Vapor.


14. Determination of R: The Gas-Law Constant.


15. Activity Series.


16. Electrolysis, the Faraday, and Avogadro's Number.


17. Electrochemical Cells and Thermodynamics.


18. The Chemistry of Oxygen: Basic and Acidic Oxides and the Periodic Table.


19. Colligative Properties: Freezing-Point Depression and Molar Mass.


20. Titration of Acids and Bases.


21. Reactions in Aqueous Solution: Metathesis Reactions and Net Ionic Equations.


22. Determination of the Dissociation Constant of a Weak Acid.


23. Titration Curves of Polyprotic Acids.


24. Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions: Hydrolysis.


25. Determination of the Solubility-Product Constant for a Sparingly Soluble Salt.


26. Heat of Neutralization.


27. Rates of Chemical Reactions I: A Clock Reaction.


28. Rates of Chemical Reactions II: Rate and Order of H₂O₂ Decomposition.


29. Introduction to Qualitative Analysis.


30. Abbreviated Qualitative-Analysis Scheme—Part I: Group 1 Cations: Pb²⁺, Ag⁺, Hg₂ ²⁺. Part II: Group 2 Cations: Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Bi³⁺, Sn⁴⁺. Part III: Group 3 Cations: Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Al³⁺. Part IV: Group 4 Cations: Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Na⁺. Part V: Anions: SO₄ ^2-, NO₃ ^-, CO₃ ^2-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, CrO₄ ^2-, PO₄ ^3-, S^2-, SO₃ ^2-. Part VI: Analysis of a Simple Salt.


31. Colorimetric Determination of Iron.


32. Determination of Orthophosphate in Water.


33. Analysis of Water for Dissolved Oxygen.


34. Preparation and Reactions of Coordination Compounds: Oxalate Complexes.


35. Oxidation-Reduction Titrations I: Determination of Oxalate.


36. Preparation of Sodium Bicarbonate and Sodium Carbonate.


37. Oxidation-Reduction Titrations II: Analysis of Bleach.


38. Molecular Geometry: Experience with Models.


39. Preparation of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen.


40. Analysis of Aspirin.


41. Ion-Exchange Resins: Analysis of a Calcium, Magnesium, or Zinc Salt.


Appendix A. Chemical Arithmetic


Appendix B. Graphical Interpretation of Data: Calibration Curves and Least-Squares Analysis.


Appendix C. Summary of Solubility Properties of Ions and Solids.


Appendix D. Solubility-Product Constants for Compounds at 25<198>C.


Appendix E. Dissociation Constants for Acids at 25<198>C.


Appendix F. Dissociation Constants for Bases at 25<198>C.


Appendix G. Selected Standard Reduction Potentials at 25<198>C.


Appendix H. Spreadsheets.


Appendix I. Qualitative-Analysis Techniques.


Appendix J. Answers to Selected Review Questions.


Appendix K. Vapor Pressure of Water at Various Temperatures.


Appendix L. Names, Formulas, and Charges of Common Ions.


Appendix M. Some Molar Masses.


Appendix N. Basic SI Units, Some Derived SI Units, and Conversion Factors.