Crime in the Last Half Century. The Theme of this Book. Social Justice. CJ NEWS “Big Brother” Cameras on Watch for Criminals. American Criminal Justice: The System. American Criminal Justice: The Process. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Due Process and Individual Rights. Criminal Justice and Criminology. CJ CAREERS Why Study Criminal Justice? CJ CAREERS U.S. Federal Government 2003 General Schedule (GS) Pay. CJ FUTURES The National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center. Multiculturalism and Diversity in Criminal Justice.

2. The Crime Picture.

The Uniform Crime Reports. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. MULTICULTURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN AMERICA– Race and the Criminal Justice System. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 2-1– Identity Theft: A New Kind of Larceny. The National Crime Victimization Survey. Comparisons for the UCR and the NCVS. Special Categories of Crime. MULTICULTURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN AMERICA– Gender Issues in Criminal Justice. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 2-2– Offline versus Online Stalking: A Comparison. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 2-3– Gun Control. CJ NEWS– Law Enforcers Report Spike in Cybercrime.

3. The Search for Causes.

Criminological Theory. The Classical School. Biological Theories. Psychobiological Theories. Psychological Theories. Sociological Theories. CJ FUTURES– The Physical Environment and Crime. Social Process Theories. Conflict Theories. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. Emergent Perspectives. WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

4. Criminal Law.

The Nature and Purpose of Law. The Rule of Law. Types of Law. CJ NEWS– The Last Gun Sult? FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. General Categories of Crime. General Features of Crime. Elements of a Specific Criminal Offense. Types of Defenses to a Criminal Charge. CJ CAREERS– U.S. Secret Service. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? MULTICULTURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN AMERICA– Legal Authority and the Criminal Law.

II. POLICING.

5. Policing: History and Structure.

Historical Development of the Police. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Federal Law Enforcement Agencies. CJ CAREERS– Federal Bureau of Investigation. CJ NEWS– FBI Makeover Speeds Along. CJ FUTURES– NCIC 2000. State-Level Agencies. Local Agencies. Private Protective Services. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 5-1– American Society for Industrial Security Code of Ethics.

6. Police Organization and Management.

The Police Mission. CJ NEWS– CompStat: From Humble Beginnings. Operational Strategies. Preventive Patrol. Routine Incident Response. Emergency Response. Criminal Investigation. Problem Solivng. Support Services. Managing Police Departments. Policing Styles. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. The Service Style of Policing. Police-Community Relations. Discretion and the Individual Officer. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 6-1– The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? CJ CAREERS– Policing: Average Base Starting Pay. Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing. Police Departments as Learning Organizations.

7. Policing: Legal Aspects.

The Abuse of Police Power. Individual Rights. Search and Seizure. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. CJ FUTURES– The “Computer Errors Exception” to the Exclusionary Rule. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 7-1– Plain-View Requirements. Arrest. CJ NEWS– High Court Upholds Mom's Arrest in Seatbelt Violation–Cuffs, Jail Allowed in Minor Offenses. CJ CAREERS– U.S. Border Patrol. The Intelligence Function. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 7-2– The Miranda Warnings. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 7-3– The Miranda Triggers. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 7-4– The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001. MULTICULTURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN AMERICA– The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001.

8. Policing: Issues and Challenges.

Police Personality and Culture. MULTICULTURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN AMERICA– Policing a Multicultural Society. Corruption and Integrity. The Dangers of Police Work. Police Use of Force. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. CJ CAREERS– Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. Racial Profiling and Biased Policing. MULTICULTURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN AMERICA– Investigating Crime in a Multicultural Setting. Police Civil Liability. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? CJ NEWS– “De-policing” a Response to Community's Criticism.

III. ADJUDICATION.

9. The Courts: Structure and Participants.

History and Structure of the American Court System. The State Court System. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? The Federal Court System. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. The Courtroom Work Group. Professional Courtroom Participants. CJ NEWS– How Good a Defense Should a Suspect Get? CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 9-1–Gideon v. Wainwright and Indigent Defense. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 9-2– American Bar Association Code of Professional Responsibility. CJ CAREERS– U.S. Marshals Service. Nonprofessional Courtroom Participants.

10. Pretrial Activities and the Criminal Trial.

Pretrial Activities. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 10-1– Nonjudicial Pretrial Release Decisions. The Criminal Trial. Stages of a Criminal Trial. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 10-2– Peremptory Challenges and Race. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 10-3– Pretrial and Posttrial Motions. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 10-4– “Pleading the Fifth.” CJ FUTURES– Courtrooms of the Future. MULTICULTURALISM AND DIVERSITY IN AMERICA– The Bilingual Courtroom. Improving the Adjudication Process.

11. Sentencing.

The Philosophy and Goals of Criminal Sentencing. Indeterminate Sentencing. Structured Sentencing. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 11-1– Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 11-2– Three Strikes and You're Out: A Brief History of the “Get Tough on Crime” Movement. Truth in Sentencing. Federal Sentencing Guidelines. Innovations in Sentencing. CJ FUTURES– Is Chemical Castration a Valid Sentencing Option? CJ NEWS– Does “Scarlet Letter” Judge Cross the Line? CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 11-3– President Calls for Victims' Rights Amendment. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Modern Sentencing Options. Death: The Ultimate Sanction. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. CJ NEWS– Death Penalty Gains Unusual Defenders.

IV. CORRECTIONS.

12. Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections.

What Is Probation? What Is Parole? Probation and Parole: The Pluses and Minuses. The Legal Environment. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? The Federal Probation System. CJ CAREERS– U.S. Probation Officer. The Job of Probation and Parole Officers. Intermediate Sanctions. CJ FUTURES– Probation Kiosks: High-Tech Supervision.

13. Prisons and Jails.

Early Punishments. The Emergence of Prisons. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 13-1– Chaplain James Finley's Letter from the Ohio Penitentiary, 1850. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 13-2– An Early Texas Prison. Prisons Today. CJ CAREERS– Federal Bureau of Prisons. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? Jails. CJ NEWS– Politically Correct Punishment. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 13-3– American Jail Association Code of Ethics for Jail Officers. CJ FUTURES– Jails and the Future. Private Prisons. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 13-4– Arguments for and Against the Privatization of Prisons.

14. Prison Life.

The Male Inmate's World. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 14-1– Prison Argot: The Language of Confinement. The Female Inmate's World. CJ NEWS–Child Sleepovers at Prison Reviewed. The Staff World. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 14-2– American Correctional Association Code of Ethics. Prison Riots. Prisoners' Rights. CJ NEWS– A Battle Over Inmates on the Web: Civil Liberties versus Prison Security. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 14-3– Federal Oversight of the Texas Prison System: A Timeline. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? CJ CAREERS– Bureau of Customs and Border Protection. Issues Facing Prisons Today. CJ FUTURES– Technocorrections.

V. SPECIAL ISSUES.

15. Juvenile Justice.

Juvenile Justice throughout History. The Problems of Children Today. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 15-1– What is a Gang? CJ NEWS– Colorado Parents Probed in Death of Newborn. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 15-2– Parents on Trial. The Legal Environment. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? The Juvenile Justice Process Today. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 15-3– The Juvenile Justice System versus Criminal Case Processing. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 15-4– Juvenile Courts versus Adult Courts. The Post-Juvenile Court Era.

16. Drugs and Crime.

A History of Drug Abuse in America. CJ CAREERS– Drug Enforcement Administration. FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 16-1– Drugs: What's in a Name? The Most Common Drugs–and Who is Using Them. CJ NEWS– Club Drugs Sending More Young People to Hospitals. Drugs and Crime. Solving the Drug Problem. WHAT WOULD YOU DO?

17. Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice.

The Chinese Justice System. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 17-1– Individual Rights Guaranteed Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. CJ NEWS– China Strikes Hard, Hopes Crime Takes a Hit. Islamic Criminal Justice. International Criminal Justice Organizations. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 17-3– What is Terrorist Activity? FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. CJ NEWS– Student Cyber Corps Tackles Terrorism. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 17-4– Recommendations of the National Commission on Terrorism. CJ TODAY EXHIBIT 17-5– The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001.

18. The Future of Criminal Justice.

CJ NEWS– Virginia Law Makes Spam, with Fraud, a Felony. Technology and Crime Control. Criminalistics: Past, Present, and Future. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? FREEDOM OR SAFETY? YOU DECIDE. Technology and Individual Rights.

Bill of Rights.

List of Acronyms.

Glossary.

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