Learning and Behavior, 6th Edition

  1. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND BEHAVIOR

 

The Search for General Principles in Learning

 

The Nature of Scientific Theories

 

Behavioral and Cognitive Approaches to Learning

 

On Free Will, Determinism, and Chaos Theory

 

Summary

 

Review Questions

 2. SIMPLE IDEAS, SIMPLE ASSOCIATIONS, AND SIMPLE CELLS

Early Theories about the Association of Ideas

Ebbinghaus's Experiments on Memory

Physiological Facts and Theories Related to Associationism

Summary

Review Questions

3. INNATE BEHAVIOR PATTERNS AND HABITUATION

Characteristics of Goal-Directed Systems

Reflexes

Tropisms and Orientation

Sequences of Behavior

Innate Human Abilities and Predispositions

Habituation

Summary

Review Questions

4. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Pavlov's Discovery and Its Impact

Basic Conditioning Phenomena

The Importance of Timing in Classical Conditioning

Higher Order Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Summary

Review Questions

5. THEORIES AND RESEARCH ON CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Theories of Associative Learning

Types of Associations

Biological Constraints on Classical Conditioning

The Form of the Conditioned Response

Physiological Research on Classical Conditioning

Summary

Review Questions

6. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING

The Law of Effect

The Procedure of Shaping, or Successive Approximations

The Research of B.F. Skinner

Biological Constraints on Operant Conditioning

Summary

Review Questions

7. REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSES AND APPLICATIONS

Plotting Moment-to-Moment Behavior: The Cumulative Recorder

The Four Simple Reinforcement Schedules

Factors Affecting Performance on Reinforcement Schedules

Applications of Operant Conditioning

Summary

Review Questions

8.    AVOIDANCE AND PUNISHMENT

Avoidance

Learned Helplessness

Punishment

Behavior Decelerators in Behavior Therapy

Summary

Review Questions

9. THEORIES AND RESEARCH ON OPERANT CONDITIONING

The Role of the Response

The Role of the Reinforcer

How Can we Predict What Will be a Reinforcer?

Behavioral Economics

Summary

Review Questions

10. STIMULUS CONTROL AND CONCEPT FORMATION

Generalization Gradients

Is Stimulus Control Absolute or Relational?

Behavioral Contrast

"Errorless" Discrimination Learning

Transfer of Learning after Discrimination Training

Concept Formation

Stimulus Control in Behavioral Modification

Summary

Review Questions

11. COMPARATIVE COGNITION

Memory and Rehearsal

Time, Number, and Serial Patterns

Language and Reasoning

Summary

Review Questions

12. LEARNING BY OBSERVATION

Theories of Imitation

Factors that Affect the Likelihood of Imitation

Interactions Between Observational Learning and Operant Conditioning

Media Violence and Aggression Behavior

What Can be Learned Through Observation?

Modeling in Behavioral Therapy

Conclusions: The Sophisticated Skill of Learning by Observation

Summary

Review Questions

13. LEARNING MOTOR SKILLS

The Variety of Motor Skills

Variables Affecting Motor Learning and Performance

Theories of Motor-Skill Learning

Learning Movement Sequences

Summary

Review Questions

14. CHOICE

The Matching Law

Theories of Choice Behavior

Self-Control Choices

Other Choice Situations

Summary

Review Questions

Glossary

References

Acknowledgments

Author Index

Subject Index