The only argument reader, rhetoric, research guide, and handbook that emphasizes style throughtout the text, Discovering Arguments presents the classical persuasive appeals throughout the text while exploring the contributions of Stephen Toulmin and Carl Rogers.

CHAPTER 1

COMMUNICATION AND PERSUASION: LOGOS, PATHOS, ETHOS

Noticing and Thinking

The process of thinking

The paradigm shift

Communicating Clearly and Effectively

Amy Wu, Stop the Clock

Specific evidence

Brian A. Courtney, Freedom from Choice

Writing an Opinion Essay

Finding your subject

Writing Persuasively

The Persuasive Appeals

Logos

Recognizing logos

S. I. Hayakawa, On Human Survival

Pathos

Recognizing pathos

Julia Kraus, If I Told You, Would You Want to Hear?

Rick Reilly, Making Up for Lost Time

Humor as pathos

Ethos

Recognizing ethos

John Edwards, A Trust Worth Winning

New York Times, Editorial, A Moment of Grace

Thesis Statements

Evaluating your thesis statement

Engaging Your Audience: Titles, Introductions, Conclusions

Features of good titles

Title strategies

Titles to avoid

Features of good introductions

Introductory strategies

Introductions to avoid

Features of good conclusions

Concluding strategies

Conclusions to avoid

How to Annotate

Vicki L. Wilson, My Smile Is Worth More Than Face Value

Ryan Grady Sample, Bigger, But Not Better

Guide for Evaluating Writing

A Note of Defining Grammar, Mechanics, and Usage

INTERCHAPTER 1

STYLE AND VOICE

Diction

Monosyllabic words

Multisyllabic words

Pretentious writing

Other Features of Diction

Specific or general

Concrete or abstract

Literal or figurative

Literal language

Figurative language

Avoid cliches

Precise words

Voice

The writing situation and voice

Tone

Analyzing attitude toward readers

Analyzing attitudes toward subject and self

Sentence Tools

Simple sentences

Joining complete thoughts: coordination

Using semicolons to join complete thoughts

Using semicolons with formal transition words

Solving Two Common Sentence Problems

Comma splices

Run-on sentences

CHAPTER 2

ARGUMENTS AND CONTROVERSIES

Critical Reading and Writing: Agree, Disagree or Maybe Both?

Deborah Tannen, How to Turn Debate into Dialogue

Reading Tools

Asking questions

Noticing insights

Noticing assumptions

Noticing overgeneralizations

ExploringTwo Essays on a Controversy

Analysis and evaluation of Mitch Albom’s essay

Mitch Albom, Don’t Shoot Holes in Gun Control Bills

Albom’s writing situation

Albom’s introduction

Noticing Albom’s insights, assumptions, and overgeneralizations

Responding to other arguments

Albom’s use of logos, pathos, and ethos

What is the solution?

Albom’s conclusion

Analysis and evaluation of Thomas Sowell’s essay

Thomas Sowell, Mass Shootings and Mass Hysteria

Two methods for analyzing an essay: outlining and summarizing

Outline of Sowell’s essay

Summary of Sowell’s essay

Sowell’s writing situation

Sowell’s introduction

Noticing Sowe

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