Through Time and Culture: Introductory Readings In Philosophy

(Note: Each Part is Followed with Questions for Review and Further Thought.)

General Introduction.

I. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

 1. Traditional Veda Text, The Upanishads. 2. Plato, Apology. 3. Aristotle, Wisdom and Philosophy.
 4. Alfred North Whitehead, The Aims of Education. 5. Arthur E. Murphy, The Philosophic Mind and the Contemporary World. 6. John Dewey, Changing Conceptions of Philosophy.
 7. Robert P. Churchill, Analyzing Arguments.

II. WHAT ARE TRUTH, KNOWLEDGE AND FAITH, AND HOW ARE THEY RELATED?

 8. Satischandra Chatterjee, Indian and Western Theories of Truth. 9. W. P. Montague, Pragmatism as Relativism.
10. Vasubandhu, All Is Representation.11. René Descartes, Meditations of First Philosophy.12. George Berkeley, Of the Principles of Human Knowledge.13. Charles Sanders Peirce, The Fixation of Belief.14. Ernest Nagel, Science and Common Sense.
15. Traditional Buddhist Text, The Five Cardinal Virtues and The Definition of Faith.16. W. K. Clifford, The Ethics of Belief.17. William James, The Will to Believe.18. Annette Baier, Secular Faith.

III. WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE REALLY LIKE?

19. St. Anselm, Proslogium.20. Gaunilon de Marmoutier, On Behalf of the Fool.21. St. Thomas Aquinas, The Existence of God.22. David Hume, Design, Evil, and God's Existence.23. Ernest Nagel, Philosophical Concepts of Atheism.
24. Rhazes, from Spiritual Physick.25. Gilbert Ryle, The Ghost in the Machine.
26. Averroes, from The Incoherence of the Incoherence.27. David Hume, Of Probability, and the Idea of Cause and Effect.28. Mario Bunge, Induction in Science.
29. Lorenzo Valla, Dialogue on Free Will.30. Roderick W. Chisholm, Responsibility and Avoidability.
31. John Locke, Personal Identity.32. Risieri Frondizi, The Nature of the Self.

IV. WHAT IS MORALLY JUSTIFIED?

33. Mo Tzu, Universal Love.34. Plato, from The Republic.35. Aristotle, from The Nicomachean Ethics.
36. St. Thomas Aquinas, On Happiness, the Virtues, and the Natural Law.37. Ibn Khaldun, Of Natural Groups, Group Feeling, Civilization, and Justice.38. Thomas Hobbes, from Leviathan.39. David Hume, Of the Influencing Motives of the Will.
40. Immanuel Kant, The Categorical Imperative.41. John Stuart Mill, On the Connection Between Justice and Utility.42. Karl Marx, Labor Power, Exchanges, Surplus Value, and Exploitation.43. Mohandas K. Gandhi, Through Non-Violence to God.44. Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity.45. Maria C. Lugones and Elizabeth V. Spelman, Have We Got a Theory for You! Feminist Theory, Cultural Imperialism and the Demand for “The Woman's Voice.”

V. WHAT IS AESTHETICALLY VALUABLE?

VI. WHAT ARE PHILOSOPHY'S PROSPECTS TODAY?