Preface
I. STRATEGIES FOR THE WRITING PROCESS.
Why Write?
How Does Writing Happen?
Stages in the Writing Process
Writing and Reading
Computers and Writing
1. Invention: Finding Something to Say
Finding Topics
Writing about an Assigned Topic
Exploring Topics
Finding Information
Sample Student Process–Prewriting
From Inventing to Drafting
2. Shaping an Essay
Initial Shaping Strategies
Sample Student Process–Discovery Draft
Developing an Essay's Structure
Elements of an Essay
3. Revising
Revising Strategies
Writer's Notebook: Responding to Readers' Comments
Editing Strategies
Writing a Self-Assessment
Sample Student Process–Revision
Marisol Vargas, Mirror Image
4. Responding to Readings
Sample Reading
Lee K. Abbott, The True Story of Why I Do What I Do
Reading Strategies for Texts
Readings Strategies for Visuals
Writers Notebook: Dialogue Notes
Writing Paraphrases and Summaries
*Steven Pinker, Racist Language, Real and Imagined
Writing a Response
Sample Student Essay - Summary and Response
*Christian Clark, Emotion and the Death Penalty: An Analysis of Jaclyn Tablert's, "Justice For Those Who Have Shown Us No Mercy"
II. WRITING OCCASIONS
Aims of Discourse
Modes of Discourse
Wedding Aim and Mode
Classifying Occasions
5. Personal Essays
Sample Essays
Datus Proper, Dark Hollow
Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria
Charles McNair, My Father's Cabin
*Christopher Fisher, Scars
The Rhetorical Triangle
Distinguishing Features of Personal Essays
Visuals and Personal Essays
Assignment and Guidelines for Writing
Sample Student Process
Chris Miller, Gringos on Safari
6. Information Essays
Sample Essays
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross,
On the Fear of Dying Suzanne Smalley, The Perfect Crime
Jay Chiat, Illusions are Forever
Arthur Rosenfeld, Should Anyone Have to Live WIth Pain?
Gloria Naylor, Mommy, What Does "Nigger" Mean?
*Sandra Y. Govan, Listening to the Word, or 21st Century Readers and "The Souls of Black Folk"
*Elizabeth C. Gardner, Transforming a Nation, Transforming an Enemy
The Rhetorical Triangle
Distinguishing Features of Information Essays
Assignment and Guidelines for Writing
Making Use of Visuals
Meir Shalev, If Bosnians Were Whales
Sample Student Process
Michael Graham, All In a Day's Work: Generalizing, Profiling, and Stereotyping
7. Essays About and From Literature Sample Works of Literature
Joyce Carol Oates, Shopping
*Aaron Gwyn, Of Falling
Robert Frost, For Once, Then, Something
Margaret Atwood, Spelling
Sherman Alexie, That Place Where Ghosts of Salmon Jump
Sherman Alexie, The Powwow at the End of the World
*Sherman Alexie, Evolution
Sample Essays
Kendra Stead, The Making of Spells
*Amy Wright, A Quest to Return to the Garden: Perception "Of Falling"
Kendra Stead, No Exceptions
*Steve Stoeckel, What About the Customer?
The Rhetorical Triangle
Distinguishing Features of Interpretive Essays
Assignment and Guidelines for Writing
Writing About Literature
Writing From Literature
Sample Student Process
Kristina Geray, "How Exhausting It Is" To Keep Up Appearances
8. Evaluation Essays
Sample Essays
Ellen Goodman, Beauty Industry on Rampage
*Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Shooting to Win; Do Attack Ads Work? You Bet -- and That's Not All Bad
Bill Bridges, “No Thanks"–A Step Beyond "Just Say No”
Jennifer Pitman, Booze It? Lose It! An Evaluation of North Carolina's Drunk Driving Laws
*Amy Wright, "The DaVinci Code": A Study in Print and Film
The Rhetorical Triangle
Distinguishing Features of Evaluation Essays
Lou Jacobs, What Qualities Does a Good Photograph Have?
Evaluating Visual Images
Assignment and Guidelines for Writing
An Exercise in Evaluation and The Internet
Portfolios
Jacqueline Cotter, Getting It Right: Fitting Message to Audience
Steve Duran, Steve Wants an A
Sample Student Process
Bridget McCollam, Adult Audiences Only
9. Position Essays
Sample Essays
*Michael Haley, The Right Not to Listen
*David Amante, Teaching Is Always A Political Act
*Stephen Jay Gould, Nonoverlapping Magisteria
Jennifer Pitman, Euthanasia and the Right to Die
The Rhetorical Triangle
Distinguishing Features of Position Essays
Assignment and Guidelines for Writing
Sample Student Process
Heather Hall, The Next Big Winner Is...!!
10. Persuasion Essays
Sample Essays
Michael R. Heaphy, Dismemberment and Choice
*Thomas Oliphant, Exposed in the Supreme Court: Lies About 'Partial Birth Abortion'
*Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream
*Richard Dawkins, When Religion Steps On Science's Turf: The Alleged Separation Between the Two Is Not So Tidy
Jaime Sherrill, Zero Tolerence for Abuse
Jaclyn Talbert, Justice for Those Who Have Shown Us No Mercy
The Rhetorical Triangle
Distinguishing Features of Persuasion Essays
Assignment and Guidelines for Writing
Sample Student Process
Alysia Tucker, No More
11. Problem/Solution Essays
Sample Essays.
William E. King, Out of Hurricane's Way
Julie Titone, Balance of Power: Can Endangered Salmon and Hydroelectric Plants Share the Same Rivers?
Andrew Overton, Change
The Rhetorical Triangle
Distinguishing Features of Problem/Solution Essays
Assignment and Guidelines for Writing
Sample Student Process
Kristina Geray, The Pet Overpopulation Problem
III. RESEARCH
12. Researching and Writing
Topic Selection
Searching a Topic
Incorporating Material from Sources
Documenting Information
Citations
Sample Annotated Essay
*Clarita Brown, The American Indian Movement as a Counterculture
Writing Assignment
Sample Student Process
Gardiner Rhoderick, Yes, It's Graffiti, but Is It Art?
IV. WRITING AND ASSESSING
Assessment via Essay Exams
13. Essay Examinations
Packaging the Process
Planning Your Essay's Content
Planning Your Essay's Structure
Overlapping Terminologies
Essays That Ask for Practical Applications
Planning Sample Essays
V. PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION
Basic Grammar
Parts of Speech
Phrases and Modification
Sentence Functions
Sentence Types
Punctuation, Spelling, and Manuscript Mechanics
End Punctuation
Punctuation within Sentences
Spelling
Manuscript Mechanics
Capitalization
Literary Credits
Index