Anthropology, 2nd Edition

Anthropology 1e was the first introductory anthropology text to integrate a four-field perspective and address topics such as research methods, ethics, theory, globalization, gender, race and ethnicity throughout. Continuing with this tradition in Anthropology 2e, author Barbara Miller is joined by three of the brightest new scholars in archaeology and biological anthropology to provide complete and current coverage of each of the four fields of anthropology.

• It incorporates up-to-date research and the latest discoveries and their impact on the “classics” in anthropology.
• It illuminates the basics of the four fields and demonstrates how they are connected.
• Through carefully chosen examples and exercises it shows how anthropology is relevant to today's world. 
• Beautifully illustrated, it maximizes the effectiveness of the art program by building pedagogy into the captions of photos, figures, tables and maps.
• It is an original and unique text, which provides students with the most faithful and holistic representation of anthropology available today.

Preface.

 

About the Authors.

 

I. INTRODUCING THE STUDY OF HUMANITY.

 

1. Anthropology: The Study of Humanity.

 

Introducing Anthropology.

           

Anthropology’s Four Fields.

LESSONS APPLIED: Orangutan Research Leads to Orangutan Advocacy

           

CROSSING THE FIELDS: What Is Europe?

 

Ethics, Relevance to the Public, and Careers

                 

2. Culture and Diversity.

 

The Concept of Culture.

 

Multiple Cultural Worlds.

           

LESSONS APPLIED: Historical Archaeology and the Story of the Northern Cheyenne Outbreak of 1879.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Elderly Females Take the Lead in Baboon Societies.

           

Contemporary Debates about Culture.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Adolescent Stress: Biologically Determined or Culturally Constructed?

 

3. Science, Biology, and Evolution.

 

Science and the Tree of Life

 

Evolution Explains the Tree of Life and Humanity’s Place in It.

           

LESSONS APPLIED: Applying Science to the Ethical Treatment of Nonhuman Primates.

                       

How Evolution Works.

           

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Breeding and Culture in the “Sport of Kings”

 

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Using DNA Evidence to Reconstruct the Origin of the Indigenous People of the Andaman Islands.

           

4. Research Methods in Anthropology.

 

Studying Humanity’s Past

 

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Studying Egyptian Mummy Tissue for Clues about Ancient Disease.

 

Studying Contemporary Humanity.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Missing Women in the Trobriand Islands.

           

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Visual Anthropology.

           

Research Challenges.

                       

II. BIOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL EVOLUTION.

 

5. The Nonhuman Primates.

 

The Primates.

Primate Characteristics.

  

CRITICAL THINKING: Infanticide in Primates and the Sexual Selection Hypothesis.

 

Varieties of Primates.

 

Nonuman Primates: Windows to Humanity’s Past Face a Fragile Future

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Learning about Chimpanzee Tool Use through Archaeology

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Using Primatology Data for Primate Conservation Programs

 

6. The Earliest Human Ancestors.

 

Finding and Interpreting Hominin Fossils

           

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Reconstructing Whole Fossils from Fragments.

           

The Early Hominins

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Cultural Variations on the Narrative of Human Origins and Evolution.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: “Lumpers” and “Splitters.”

 

Early Hominin Adaptations.

7. Emergence and Evolution of Archaic Homo.

           

The First Humans.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: What Is Really in the Toolbox?

 

Archaic Homo Moves Out of Africa.

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Anthropologists Advocate for World Heritage Status for Atapuerca, Spain.

 

Behavioral and Cultural Evolution

           

CROSSING THE FIELDS: From Kanzi to Olduvai, But Not Quite.

 

8. Modern Humans: Origins, Migrations, and Transitions.

The Origin of Modern Humans

                   

Modern Humans during the Upper Paleolithic

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Helping to Resolve Conflicts about Repainting Australian Indigenous Cave Art.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Unfair to Neanderthals?

 

Mesolithic Transitions during the Holocene Era

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Linguistic Anthropology Provides Insights into the Bantu Expansion.

           

9. The Neolithic and Urban Revolutions.

 

The Neolithic Revolution and the Beginnings of Settled Life

           

Civilization: The Urban Revolution, States and Empires

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: A Theory from Cultural Anthropology about How Early States Formed.

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Archaeology's Findings Increase Food Production in Bolivia

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Kennewick Man and Native American Reburial 

 

Lessons from the Neolithic and Later Times about Our World.

 

III. CONTEMPORARY HUMAN SOCIAL VARIATION.

 

10. Contemporary Human Biological Diversity.

 

Contemporary Human Genetic Variation.

           

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Ethics in Genetics Diversity Research.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Popular Opinion in Iceland on the National Human Genome Project.

 

Contemporary Human Physical Variation.

           

Urban Life’s Challenges to Human Biology and Health.

           

LESSONS APPLIED: Fruits ‘R’ Us: A Participatory Action Research Project to Improve Nutrition among Young in West Philadelphia

 

11. Economic Systems.

 

Modes of Production

           

CRITICAL THINKING: Was the Invention of Agriculture a Terrible Mistake?

                                               

Modes of Consumption and Exchange.

           

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Linking the Gender Division of Labor to Diet and Growth.

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Evaluating Indian Gaming in California

Globalization and Changing Economies.

 

12. Reproduction and Human Development.

 

Modes of Reproduction.

           

Culture and Fertility.

           

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Taking Gender into Account When Surveying Sexual Behavior.

 

Personality and The Life Cycle.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Cultural Relativism and Female Genital Cutting.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Menopause, Grandmothering, and Human Evolution.

 

13. Disease, Illness and Healing.

 

Ethnomedicine.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Linguistic Anthropology and the Medical Interview.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Why Do People Eat Dirt?

 

14. Kinship and Domestic Life.

 

The Study of Kinship Systems.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: How Bilineal Is American Kinship?

 

Households and Domestic Life.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: What Burials Reveal about Household Members’ Status: The Prehistoric Oneota of Wisconsin.

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Ethnography to Prevent Wife Abuse in Rural Kentucky

 

Changing Kinship and Household Dynamics.

 

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Love Letters and Courtship in Nepal

 

15. Social Groups and Social Stratification.

 

Social Groups

 

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Multi-sited Research to Study the Breast Cancer Movement in the San Francisco Bay Area.

 

Social Stratification.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: What’s Missing from This Picture?

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: The Role of Archaeology in an African American Cultural Heritage Project.

 

Civil Society

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Anthropology and Community Activism in Papua New Guinea.

 

16. Political and Legal Systems.

Politics, Political Organization, and Leadership.

 

METHODS CLOSE-UP: Life Histories Provide Clues about Women’s Political Socialization in Korea.

 

Social Order and Social Conflict.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Postconflict Reconciliation through Making Amends among Nonhuman Primates.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: The Yanomami: The “Fierce People”?

 

Change in Political and Legal Systems.

 

IV. COMMUNICATION AND THE SEARCH FOR MEANING.

 

17. Communication.

The Varieties of Human Communication

LESSONS APPLIED: Anthropology and Public Understanding of the Language and Culture of People Who Are Deaf.

Communication, Cultural Diversity, and Inequality 

Language Change.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Should Dead and Dying Languages Be Revived? 

 

18. Religion.

 

Religion in Comparative Perspective.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Red Ochre and the Origins of Ritual in Southern Africa.

 

LESSONS APPLIED: Aboriginal Women’s Culture, Sacred Site Protection, and the Anthropologist as Expert Witness

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Why Did the Aztecs Practice Human Sacrifice and Cannibalism?

 

World Religions and Local Variations.

 

Directions of Religious Change.

 

19. Expressive Culture.

 

Art and Culture.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Probing the Categories of Art.

 

Play, Leisure, and Culture.

 

Change in Expressive Culture.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Applying Cladistic Analysis to Change in Oriental Carpets.

 

LESSONS APPLIED: A Strategy for the World Bank on Cultural Heritage.

 

V. FORCES OF CHANGE AND HUMANITY’S FUTURE.

 

20. People on the Move.

 

Categories of Migration.

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Health Effects of Migration to the United States

 

CRITICAL THINKING: Haitian Cane Cutters in the Dominican Republic–A Case of Structure or Human Agency?

The New Immigrants to the United States and Canada

Migration Policies and Programs in a Globalizing World

 

21. People Defining Development.

 

Defining Development and Approaches to it.

 

CRITICAL THINKING: The Green Revolution and Social Inequality.

 

LESSONS APPLIED: The Saami, Snowmobiles, and the Need for Social Impact Analysis.

 

Development and Minority Groups: Indigenous People and Women

 

CROSSING THE FIELDS: Repatriating Saartjse Baartman's Remains to South Africa

 

Urgent Issues in Development

 

Glossary.

 

References.

 

Index.