Sociology: Concepts and Applications in a Diverse World, VangoBooks, 8th Edition
ISBN-10: 0-205-62806-0
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-62806-3
Published by Pearson
© 2009
Pub. Date: Dec 22, 2008
Format: Paper
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Description
Available in paperback 4-color for the first time!
This economical paperback text is theoretically balanced, offers global perspectives, shows how sociology is applied to real problems, and contains a built-in study guide.
This introduction to sociology uses the three major theoretical perspectives–functionalist, conflict, and interactionist–as tools for examining the social world. The author uses illuminating examples to show how society works and how human behavior is shaped by cultural, structural, and institutional forces.
As in previous editions, the Eighth Edition integrates two themes that reflect contemporary trends in sociology. The first is a reemergence of interest in how sociological knowledge can be applied to social problems or to helping people improve their lives. The second is the focus on globalization and its impact on societies and cultures as they become increasingly diverse and interdependent. The Eighth edition offers an expanded focus on the sociology of media and technology, especially the newer technologies of the internet and an online, electronic world.
Table of Contents
PART I. THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE.
PART II. THE INDIVIDUAL IN SOCIETY.
PART III. STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY.
PART IV. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
PART V. HUMAN ECOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE.
CHAPTER ONE: What Is Sociology?
MYTHS & FACTS About the Social World
What Is Sociology?
The Sociological Perspective
Sociology as a Science
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Untangling Myths and Facts: Sociology and Common Sense
The Social Sciences
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology
Theories and Hypotheses
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
Using the Theoretical Perspectives
Conducting Sociological Research
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Applying the Sociological Perspectives: Mass
Media, Global Communications and the Online World
Research Methods
Steps in Conducting Research
Issues in Conducting Sociological Research
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS South Africa: Sociological Research in Diverse Cultures
Putting Sociology to Use
The Development of Sociology
Basic and Applied Sociology
Sociological Practice
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
Using Sociology in Everyday Life
CHAPTER TWO: Culture, Society, and Diversity
MYTHS & FACTS About Culture and Society
What Is Culture?
Material Culture and Nonmaterial Culture
The Components of Culture
Beliefs and Values
Norms
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS The Amish of Pennsylvania: Diverse Values within a Culture
Language
Cultural Consensus and Diversity
Cultural Integration
Cultural Change
Ideal Culture versus Real Culture
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity
Subcultures
Social Structure
Status
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Argot: The Special Language of Subcultures
Roles
Groups and Social Institutions
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Mass Media, the Electronic World, and the Production and Transmission
of Culture
A Comparative View of Societies
Preindustrial Societies
Industrial Societies
A Global Perspective: Postindustrialism and Global Interdependence
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
PART II: The Individual in Society
CHAPTER THREE: Socialization
MYTHS & FACTS About Socialization
Heredity and the Environment
Biology and Human Behavior
Children Raised in Isolation
The Process of Socialization
The Development of Self: The Interactionist Perspective
Agencies of Socialization
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Day Care: Problem or Solution?
Types of Socialization
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY WHO Socializes the Young in an Electronic World?
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Japan: Learning Cultural Values Through Primary Socialization
Socialization through the Life Span
Additional Perspectives on Socialization
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER FOUR: Groups and Organizations
MYTHS & FACTS About Groups and Organizations
Types of Groups
Primary Groups
Secondary Groups
In-Groups and Out-Groups
Reference Groups
Social Collectivities
Group Structure and Process
Status and Role
Leadership
Decision Making in Groups
Group Cohesion
Group Conformity
Organizations
Bureaucracy
The Human Relations Approach
The Informal Structure
Gender in Organizations
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Diagnosing Organizational Culture: Helping Organizations to Function Better
Sociological Perspectives on Organizations
The Functionalist Perspective
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS China: Cultural Values and Group Behavior—Social Loafing in Organizations
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
The Future of Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy and Oligarchy
Limits to Bureaucracy
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Community and Group Life in the Cyber World
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER FIVE: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
MYTHS & FACTS About Deviance and Crime
The Relativity of Deviance
Explanations of Deviance
Nonsociological Approaches
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Mass Media and the Social Construction of Crime and Justice
Extent of Deviance and Crime
SEXUAL DEVIANCE
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Influencing Policy on Youth Gangs and Juvenile Crime
Mental Illness
Violent Crimes
Organized Crime and Globalized Crime
Cybercrime
White-Collar Crime
Deviance: Its Consequences for Society
The Dysfunctions of Deviance
The Functions of Deviance
Deviance and Social Control
Internal Sources of Social Control
External Sources of Social Control
Crime in the United States
The High Crime Rate
Reducing Crime
OTHER WORLDS OTHER WAYS Japan: Social and Cultural Underpinnings of Crime
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
PART III: Stratification and Social Inequality
CHAPTER SIX: Social Stratification and Social Inequality
MYTHS & FACTS About Social Stratification
Dimensions of Stratification
Weber’s Analysis
Socioeconomic Status
Types of Stratification Systems
Theories of Stratification
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
Synthesis: An Evolutionary View
A Global Perspective on Stratification
Social Class in the United States
Measuring Socioeconomic Status
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Brazil and Venezuela: The Third-World Poor in the Global Stratification System
Class Structure in the United States
Inequality and Poverty
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Creating and Evaluating Programs That Assist the Poor
Social Mobility
Extent of Social Mobility
Sources of Social Mobility
Consequences of Stratification
Educational Achievement
Health
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Impact of Technology on Stratification Systems
Status Inconsistency
Self-Esteem
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER SEVEN: Social Inequality: Race and Ethnicity
MYTHS & FACTS About Race and Ethnicity
Minority Groups
Race and Ethnicity
Racism
Sources of Prejudice and Discrimination
Social Sources
Social Psychological Sources
Consequences of Discrimination
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Britain, Germany, Yugoslavia: The Social and Economic Sources of Racial Hatred
and Conflict
Patterns of Intergroup Relations
Forms of Domination
Minority Reaction to Domination
Switzerland: Cooperation in a Multiethnic Society
Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States
African Americans
Hispanic Americans
American Indians
Asian Americans
Arab Americans
Today’s Immigrants
Achievement and Assimilation among Immigrant Groups
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Image and Access: Race/Ethnicity and Communications Technologies
Current Issues in the United States
Assimilation or Pluralism?
Race Relations Today: Race or Class?
Advances, Setbacks, and Controversial Policies
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Combating Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racial Polarization
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER EIGHT: Social Inequality: Gender
MYTHS & FACTS About Gender Inequality
Men and Women in Society
The Biological Perspective
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
The Socialization of Men and Women
The Family
The Schools
The Media and the Electronic World
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Shaping Gender Identity
The Extent of Gender Inequality in the United States
Economic Discrimination
Discrimination in the Military
Other Types of Discrimination
Gender Inequality Involving Males
Gender Stratification in Global Perspective
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Mexico: Poor Women and the World Economy
Toward Gender Equality
Collective Action and the Feminist Movement: A Global Struggle
Current Trends in the United States
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Sexual Assault, Sexual Harassment, and the Empowerment of Women
Masculine, Feminine, or Human?
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
PART IV: Social Institutions
CHAPTER NINE: Family and Human Sexuality
MYTHS & FACTS About the Family and Human Sexuality
Family and Kinship in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Rules of Descent
Rules of Marriage
Rules of Authority
Size of Family Unit
Mate Selection and Marriage Transactions
The Family in Society
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
Marriage and Divorce in the United States
Choosing a Mate and Attitudes toward Marriage
Divorce
The Minority Family Experience
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Vietnam: Family and Religion among Immigrants to the United States
Diversity and Change in Sexual Behavior
Premarital Sex
Extramarital Sex
Homosexuality
Diverse Family Lifestyles in Modern Societies
Dual-Earner Families
Singlehood
Cohabitation
Single Parenthood
Gay Families
A Global Perspective
Violence in the Family
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Creating and Evaluating Programs to Fight Domestic Violence
The Future of the Family
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Family in the Electronic Age
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER TEN: Health and Health-Care Institutions
Sociological Perspectives on Health, Illness, and Health Care
MYTHS & FACTS About Health and Health-Care Institutions
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
Politics, Stigma, and the AIDS Epidemic
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Combating the Spread of AIDS
Health, Illness, and Society
Health and Societal Development
Health and Social Position
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Congo: The Spread of AIDS in a Developing Nation
Health-Care Systems in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Personalistic Health-Care Systems
Naturalistic Health-Care Systems
Scientific Health-Care Systems
Chinese Medicine
Holistic Medicine
The Social Structure of Health Care
Seeking Health Care
The Medical Profession
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Globalized Medicine in Cyberspace
The Nursing Profession
New Health-Care Practitioners
Hospitals and the Corporatization of Health Care
Issues in Health Care in the United States
Rising Health-Care Costs
Access to Medical Services
Quality of Medical Services
Gender Inequality in Health Care
Financing Health Care in the United States
Publicly Funded Health Insurance
Employer-Financed Health Insurance
Health Maintenance Organizations and Managed Care
Health Care: A Privilege or a Right?
Paying for Health Care in Other Nations: Canada and Sweden
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER ELEVEN: Religion
MYTHS & FACTS About Religion
What Is Religion?
A Global Perspective: Religions of the World
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Diffusion of Religion
Sociological Approaches to the Study of Religion
Durkheim: A Functionalist Perspective
Marx: A Conflict Perspective
Weber: Religion and Social Change
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS CHINA, IRAN, AND AFGHANISTAN: RELIGION AND POLITICAL CHANGE
The Organization of Religion
Religion in the United States
Extent of Religiosity
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS China, Iran, and Afghanistan: Religion and Political Change
Socioeconomic Status and Politics
Secularization
Religious Pluralism
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Communication Technologies and Religious Experience,
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Identifying Extremism in Religious Cults
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER TWELVE: Education and the Mass Media
MYTHS & FACTS About Education and the Mass Media
A Global Perspective on Education
Informal Education
Colonization and Education
Modernization and Education
Sociological Perspectives on Education
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective
Education in the United States
A Historical View
Schools as Bureaucracies
Effectiveness of the Educational System
Reforms and Trends
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Evaluating Educational Innovations
Higher Education
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS JAPAN: VARIATIONS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
EDUCATION, COMMUNICATION, AND THE MASS MEDIA
Emergence of the Mass Media
Effects of the Mass Media
Control of the Mass Media
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Education in the Electronic World
The Global Mass Media: Neocolonization?
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Political and Economic Institutions
MYTHS & FACTS About Political and Economic Institutions
Politics, Power, and Authority
Types of Authority
State and Government
Sociological Perspectives on Political and Economic Institutions
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
Types of Government
Oligarchy and Totalitarianism
Democracy
Types of Economic Systems
Capitalism
Socialism
Mixed Economies
Who Rules in the United States?
The Power Elite Model
The Pluralist Model
Assessment of the Models
The U.S. Economy: Concentration and Change
The Corporate Economy
The Changing Labor Force
Global Competition: Worker Dislocation and Unemployment
The Global Political and Economic System
Concentration and Inequality
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Nicaragua: Political and Economic Change in a Peripheral Nation
Unemployment, Dislocation, and Resistance
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Intervening in the Process of Economic Globalization
Politics, the Economy, the Media, and the Cyber World
Politics, Persuasion, and Propaganda
Advertising
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY The Media and the Military in Wars
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
PART V: Human Ecology and Social Change
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Human Ecology: Population, Community, and Environment
MYTHS & FACTS About Population, Community, and Environment
The Study of Human Populations
Elements of Demographic Change
Population Composition: Age and Sex Structure
World Population Growth
The Demographic Transition
The Extent of Overpopulation
The Consequences of Overpopulation
Controlling Population Growth
Communities and Urbanization
The Emergence of Cities
Suburbanization
The Postindustrial City
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY Technology and the Growth of Cities
A Global Perspective on Urbanization
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Mexico: The Social Organization of Slums in Poor Communities
Urbanism as a Way of Life
Urban Consciousness
Urban Communities
Urban Subcultures
Urban Life: An Assessment
Urban Ecology
Urban Processes
Urban Structures
The Future of Cities in the United States
Economic Decline
Government Programs and Urban Renewal
Private Investment
Gentrification
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Fear of Crime: Working to Improve the Quality of Urban Life
Population and the Environment
Social Sources of Environmental Problems
Extent of Environmental Problems
Solving Environmental Problems
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Collective Behavior, Social Change, and Modernization
MYTHS & FACTS About Collective Behavior and Social Change
The Nature of Collective Behavior
The Preconditions of Collective Behavior
Rumors
Mass Behavior
APPLYING SOCIOLOGY Preventing Urban Riots: The Los Angeles Riot in Retrospect
Crowds
Social Movements
The Development of Social Movements
Social Change
Theories of Change
OTHER WORLDS, OTHER WAYS Afghanistan: The Social Roots of Terrorist Violence
The Future: Global Modernization?
Modernization in the Less Developed Nations
SOCIOLOGY OF MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND RESISTANCE TO GLOBALIZATION
The United States: A Postindustrial Future?
The Globalization of Labor
SOCIOLOGY ON THE INTERNET
Glossary
Bibliography
Answers to Cumulative Practice Tests
Name Index
Subject Index
Preface
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