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First Course in Logic, Gold Edition, A

By K. Codell Carter

ISBN-10: 0-321-27732-5

ISBN-13: 978-0-321-27732-9

Published by Prentice Hall

Pub. Date: Jul 14, 2004

Format: Paper

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Description

Providing students with a more understandable introduction to logic without sacrificing rigor, A First Course in Logic presents topics and methods in a highly accessible and integrated manner. By integrating and comparing topics throughout and using the same examples in different chapters, the author shows the utility and limitations of each method of logic. Consistent pedagogical structure helps students learn and study better; the introduction now emphasizes strategies and tactics for applying memorization rules. One-of-a-kind LSAT-type exercises apply logic to pre-professional exams. This Gold Edition of the text now uses more standard notation and has been thoroughly class-tested and revised for absolute accuracy of information.

This tentative table of contents is for early review purposes; the final contents may not include all of the selections listed here. Each chapter contains: exercises, LSAT questions, “What Will I Learn in This Chapter?;” “What Have I Learned in This Chapter?;” “How Can I Apply What I Have Learned in This Chapter?;” and “Where Do I Go from Here?”

1. Basic Concepts of Logic.

Arguments.

The Historical Roots of Logic.

Induction and Deduction.

Validity and Soundness.

Logical Strength and Cogency.

Refutation.

Proof.

2. Logic and Language.

Use and Mention.

The Uses of Language.

Kinds of Definitions.

Ways of Defining.

Rules for Lexical Definitions.

Arguments in Context.

Fallacies.

3. Syllogistic Logic.

Aristotelian Logic.

Diagramming and Symbolizing Categorical Statements.

Categorical Equivalences.

Syllogisms.

Using Venn Diagrams to Refute Invalid Syllogisms.

Using Canons to Test Syllogisms for Invalidity.

Syllogistic Fallacies.

Enthymemes and Sorites.

Proofs of Valid Syllogisms.

The Limits of Syllogistic Logic.

4. Truth-functional Logic: Symbolization and Refutation.

Stoic Logic.

Symbolizing Truth-functional Arguments.

Truth Tables.

Classifying and Comparing Statements.

Implication and Equivalence.

Refuting Invalid Truth-functional Arguments.

Truth-functional Fallacies.

The Sheffer Arrow.

5. Truth-functional Logic: Proofs

Statement-Forms and Their Instances.

Modus Ponens and Rules for Conjunctions, Disjunctions and Biconditionals.

Conditional Proof.

Indirect Proof.

Shortcut Rules.

Shortcut Rules, Continued.

Strategies and Tactics.

Other Uses for Truth-functional Proofs.

The Nature of Truth-functional Proofs.

6. Quantificational Logic.

Frege's Project.

Quantificational Notation: Monadic Predicates.

Quantificational Notation: Polyadic Predicates.

Quantificational Proofs.

The Nature of Quantificational Logic.

Properties of Relations and Second-Order Logic.

The Outcome of Frege's Project.

7. Inductive Logic.

Inductive Arguments.

Appeal to Authority.

Argument by Analogy.

The Strength of Inductive Arguments.

Hypothesis and Confirmation.

Causal Reasoning.

Argument by Generalization.

Samples.

Probabilistic Reasoning.

Solutions to Starred Exercises.

Glossary/Index.

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