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CISSP Exam Cram, 4th Edition

By Michael Gregg
Published Aug 9, 2016 by Pearson IT Certification. Part of the Exam Cram series.

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About

Description

Sample Content

Updates

More Information

About

Features

Fully reflects the major the changes in the new 2015 CISSP exam
Designed to help candidates rapidly assess where they stand - and quickly master what they need to learn
Includes test-taking strategies, time-saving tips, Exam Notes, and two sample exams delivered by the state-of-the-art PCPT test engine



Description

Copyright 2017
Dimensions: 6" x 9"
Edition: 4th

EPUB (Watermarked)
ISBN-10: 0-13-420959-1
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-420959-3

This is the eBook version of the print title. Note that the eBook does not provide access to the practice test software that accompanies the print book. Access to the digital edition of the Cram Sheet is available through product registration at Pearson IT Certification; or see instructions in back pages of your eBook.

CISSP Exam Cram, Fourth Edition, is the perfect study guide to help you pass the tough new electronic version of the CISSP exam. It provides coverage and practice questions for every exam topic, including substantial new coverage of encryption, cloud security, information lifecycles, security management/governance, and more. The book contains an extensive set of preparation tools, such as quizzes, Exam Alerts, and two practice exams.

Covers the critical information you’ll need to pass the CISSP exam!

Enforce effective physical security throughout your organization
Apply reliable authentication, authorization, and accountability
Design security architectures that can be verified, certified, and accredited
Understand the newest attacks and countermeasures
Use encryption to safeguard data, systems, and networks
Systematically plan and test business continuity/disaster recovery programs
Protect today’s cloud, web, and database applications
Address global compliance issues, from privacy to computer forensics
Develop software that is secure throughout its entire lifecycle
Implement effective security governance and risk management
Use best-practice policies, procedures, guidelines, and controls
Ensure strong operational controls, from background checks to security audits

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Sample Content

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CHAPTER 1: The CISSP Certification Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Assessing Exam Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Taking the Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Examples of CISSP Test Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Answer to Multiple-Choice Question . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Answer to Drag and Drop Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Answer to Hotspot Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Exam Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Question-Handling Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Mastering the Inner Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

CHAPTER 2: Logical Asset Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Basic Security Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Data Management: Determine and Maintain Ownership . . . . . . 30

Data Governance Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Roles and Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Data Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Data Custodians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Data Documentation and Organization . . . . . . . . . 35

Data Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Data Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Knowledge Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Data Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Data Lifecycle Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Data Audit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Data Storage and Archiving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Data Security, Protection, Sharing, and Dissemination . . . . . . . 41

Privacy Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Information Handling Requirements . . . . . . . . . . 43

Data Retention and Destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Data Remanence and Decommissioning . . . . . . . . . 45

Classifying Information and Supporting Assets . . . . . . . . . 46

Data Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Asset Management and Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Software Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Equipment Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Determine Data Security Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Data at Rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Data in Transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Endpoint Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Baselines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Laws, Standards, Mandates and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . 58

United States Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

International Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

CHAPTER 3: Physical Asset Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Physical Security Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Natural Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Man-Made Threats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Technical Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Facility Concerns and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

CPTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Area Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Doors, Walls, Windows, and Ceilings . . . . . . . . . . 79

Asset Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Physical Port Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Perimeter Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Bollards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

CCTV Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Guards and Dogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Employee Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Badges, Tokens, and Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Biometric Access Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Environmental Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . 98

Electrical Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Uninterruptible Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Equipment Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Fire Prevention, Detection, and Suppression . . . . . . . . . . 101

Fire-Detection Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Fire Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Intrusion Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Monitoring and Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Suggested Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

CHAPTER 4: Security and Risk Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Security Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Third-Party Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Organization Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Protection of Intellectual Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Privacy Laws and Protection of Personal Information . . . . . . . 121

Relevant Laws and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

United States Legal System and Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

International Legal Systems and Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Computer Crime and Hackers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Sexual Harassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Risk Management Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Risk Management Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Countermeasure Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

Develop and Implement Security Policy . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Security Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Baselines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Types of Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Administrative Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

Technical Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Physical Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Access Control Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Implement Personnel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

New-Hire Agreements and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Separation of Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Job Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Least Privilege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Mandatory Vacations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Security Education, Training, and Awareness . . . . . . . . . . 160

Security Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Social Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Professional Ethics Training and Awareness . . . . . . . . . . 163

ISC2 Code of Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Computer Ethics Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Internet Architecture Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

NIST SP 800-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Common Computer Ethics Fallacies . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Regulatory Requirements for Ethics Programs . . . . . . . 167

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

CHAPTER 5: Security Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Fundamental Concepts of Security Models . . . . . . . . . . 176

Central Processing Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Storage Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

I/O Bus Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Virtual Memory and Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . 184

Computer Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Security Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Protection Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Trusted Computer Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Open and Closed Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Security Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Operating States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Recovery Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Process Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Common Formal Security Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

State Machine Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Information Flow Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Noninterference Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Other Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Product Security Evaluation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

The Rainbow Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria . . . . . 210

Common Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

System Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Certification and Accreditation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Security Guidelines and Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Enterprise Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Regulatory Compliance and Process Control . . . . . . . . 218

Vulnerabilities of Security Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Buffer Overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Back Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

State Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Covert Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Incremental Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Emanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Web-based Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Mobile System Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

CHAPTER 6: The Application and Use of Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Cryptographic Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

History of Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Steganography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Steganography Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Digital Watermark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Cipher Types and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Symmetric Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Data Encryption Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Triple-DES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) . . . . . . . . . . 257

International Data Encryption Algorithm . . . . . . . . . 258

Rivest Cipher Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Asymmetric Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Diffie-Hellman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

RSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

El Gamal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Elliptical Curve Cryptosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Merkle-Hellman Knapsack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Review of Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptographic Systems . . 264

Hybrid Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

Integrity and Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Hashing and Message Digests . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Cryptographic System Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Public Key Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Certificate Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Registration Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Certificate Revocation List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Digital Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

The Client’s Role in PKI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Email Protection Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Pretty Good Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Other Email Security Applications . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Securing TCP/IP with Cryptographic Solutions . . . . . . . . . 279

Application/Process Layer Controls . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Host to Host Layer Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Internet Layer Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Network Access Layer Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Link and End-to-End Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Cryptographic Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

CHAPTER 7: Communications and Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Secure Network Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Network Models and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

OSI Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Encapsulation/De-encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

TCP/IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Network Access Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Internet Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Host-to-Host (Transport) Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Application Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

LANs and Their Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

LAN Communication Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Network Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

LAN Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Network Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Network Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Communication Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Network Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Repeaters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Mirrored Ports and Network Taps . . . . . . . . . . . 330

VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

WANs and Their Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Packet Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Circuit Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Cloud Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Voice Communications and Wireless Communications . . . . . . 342

Voice over IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Cell Phones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

802.11 Wireless Networks and Standards . . . . . . . . . 346

Network Access Control Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Demilitarized Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Firewall Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Remote Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Point-to-Point Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service . . . . . . . . 362

Terminal Access Controller Access Control System . . . . . . 362

IPsec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Message Privacy and Multimedia Collaboration . . . . . . . . . 364

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

CHAPTER 8: Identity and Access Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Identification, Authentication, and Authorization of People and Devices . .. 375

Authentication Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Identity Management Implementation . . . . . . . . . . 391

Single Sign-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Sesame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Authorization and Access Control Techniques . . . . . . . . . 397

Discretionary Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Mandatory Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Role-Based Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Other Types of Access Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Access Control Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Centralized Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Decentralized Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Audit and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Monitoring Access and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Intrusion Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Intrusion Prevention Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Network Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Keystroke Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Suggesting Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

CHAPTER 9: Security Assessment and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Security Assessments and Penetration Test Strategies. . . . . . . 426

Audits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Vulnerability Assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Penetration Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Test Techniques and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Security Threats and Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Threat Actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Attack Methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Network Security Threats and Attack Techniques . . . . . . . . 439

Session Hijacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Sniffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Wiretapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

DoS Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Distributed Denial of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Botnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Other Network Attack Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Access Control Threats and Attack Techniques . . . . . . . . . 448

Unauthorized Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Access Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Password Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Eavesdropping and Shoulder Surfing . . . . . . . . . . 453

Identity Theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Social-based Threats and Attack Techniques . . . . . . . . . . 454

Malicious Software Threats and Attack Techniques . . . . . . . . 456

Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Logic Bombs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Backdoors and Trojans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Rootkits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Crimeware Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Advanced Persistent Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Ransomware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

How Computer Crime Has Changed . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Well-Known Computer Crimes and Criminals . . . . . . . . . 465

Investigating Computer Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Computer Crime Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Incident Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Standardization of Forensic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . 473

Computer Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Search, Seizure, and Surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Interviews and Interrogations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Honeypots and Honeynets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

Evidence Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481

Trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

The Evidence Life-Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488

CHAPTER 10: Security Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Foundational Security Operations Concepts . . . . . . . . . . 492

Managing Users and Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Privileged Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

Controlling Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

Clipping Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Resource Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Due Care and Due Diligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

Asset Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

System Hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

Change and Configuration Management . . . . . . . . . 498

Trusted Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

Remote Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

Media Management, Retention, and Destruction . . . . . . 502

Telecommunication Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503

Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504

Whitelisting, Blacklisting, and Graylisting . . . . . . . . . 506

Fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

PBX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

Anti-malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Honeypots and Honeynets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

Patch Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

System Resilience, Fault Tolerance, and Recovery Controls . . . . . 511

Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

Fault Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513

RAID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Recovery Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Monitoring and Auditing Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Auditing User Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Monitoring Application Transactions . . . . . . . . . . 520

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) . . . . . 521

Network Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Keystroke Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

Emanation Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Controlling Physical Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

Intrusion Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

Network-Based Intrusion Detection Systems . . . . . . . . 526

Host-Based Intrusion-Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . 527

Signature-Based, Anomaly-Based, and Rule-Based

IDS Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

Intrusion Prevention Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

Responding to Operational Security Incidents . . . . . . . . . 530

Incident Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

The Disaster Recovery Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Teams and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

Answers to Exam Prep Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

Need to Know More? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

CHAPTER 11: Software Development Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Software Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

Avoiding System Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

The System Development Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . 545

Development Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

The Waterfall Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

The Spiral Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554

Joint Application Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 555

Rapid Application Development . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Incremental Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Prototyping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

Modified Prototype Model (MPM) . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Computer-Aided Software Engineering . . . . . . . . . . 557

Agile Development Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557

Capability Maturity Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

Scheduling . . . . . . . .

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Privacy Notice

Overview

Pearson Education, Inc., 221 River Street, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, (Pearson) presents this site to provide information about products and services that can be purchased through this site.

This privacy notice provides an overview of our commitment to privacy and describes how we collect, protect, use and share personal information collected through this site. Please note that other Pearson websites and online products and services have their own separate privacy policies.

Collection and Use of Information

To conduct business and deliver products and services, Pearson collects and uses personal information in several ways in connection with this site, including:

Questions and Inquiries

For inquiries and questions, we collect the inquiry or question, together with name, contact details (email address, phone number and mailing address) and any other additional information voluntarily submitted to us through a Contact Us form or an email. We use this information to address the inquiry and respond to the question.

Online Store

For orders and purchases placed through our online store on this site, we collect order details, name, institution name and address (if applicable), email address, phone number, shipping and billing addresses, credit/debit card information, shipping options and any instructions. We use this information to complete transactions, fulfill orders, communicate with individuals placing orders or visiting the online store, and for related purposes.

Surveys

Pearson may offer opportunities to provide feedback or participate in surveys, including surveys evaluating Pearson products, services or sites. Participation is voluntary. Pearson collects information requested in the survey questions and uses the information to evaluate, support, maintain and improve products, services or sites, develop new products and services, conduct educational research and for other purposes specified in the survey.

Contests and Drawings

Occasionally, we may sponsor a contest or drawing. Participation is optional. Pearson collects name, contact information and other information specified on the entry form for the contest or drawing to conduct the contest or drawing. Pearson may collect additional personal information from the winners of a contest or drawing in order to award the prize and for tax reporting purposes, as required by law.

Newsletters

If you have elected to receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email information@informit.com.

Service Announcements

On rare occasions it is necessary to send out a strictly service related announcement. For instance, if our service is temporarily suspended for maintenance we might send users an email. Generally, users may not opt-out of these communications, though they can deactivate their account information. However, these communications are not promotional in nature.

Customer Service

We communicate with users on a regular basis to provide requested services and in regard to issues relating to their account we reply via email or phone in accordance with the users' wishes when a user submits their information through our Contact Us form.

Other Collection and Use of Information

Application and System Logs

Pearson automatically collects log data to help ensure the delivery, availability and security of this site. Log data may include technical information about how a user or visitor connected to this site, such as browser type, type of computer/device, operating system, internet service provider and IP address. We use this information for support purposes and to monitor the health of the site, identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents and appropriately scale computing resources.

Web Analytics

Pearson may use third party web trend analytical services, including Google Analytics, to collect visitor information, such as IP addresses, browser types, referring pages, pages visited and time spent on a particular site. While these analytical services collect and report information on an anonymous basis, they may use cookies to gather web trend information. The information gathered may enable Pearson (but not the third party web trend services) to link information with application and system log data. Pearson uses this information for system administration and to identify problems, improve service, detect unauthorized access and fraudulent activity, prevent and respond to security incidents, appropriately scale computing resources and otherwise support and deliver this site and its services.

Cookies and Related Technologies

This site uses cookies and similar technologies to personalize content, measure traffic patterns, control security, track use and access of information on this site, and provide interest-based messages and advertising. Users can manage and block the use of cookies through their browser. Disabling or blocking certain cookies may limit the functionality of this site.

Do Not Track

This site currently does not respond to Do Not Track signals.

Security

Pearson uses appropriate physical, administrative and technical security measures to protect personal information from unauthorized access, use and disclosure.

Children

This site is not directed to children under the age of 13.

Marketing

Pearson may send or direct marketing communications to users, provided that

Pearson will not use personal information collected or processed as a K-12 school service provider for the purpose of directed or targeted advertising.
Such marketing is consistent with applicable law and Pearson's legal obligations.
Pearson will not knowingly direct or send marketing communications to an individual who has expressed a preference not to receive marketing.
Where required by applicable law, express or implied consent to marketing exists and has not been withdrawn.

Pearson may provide personal information to a third party service provider on a restricted basis to provide marketing solely on behalf of Pearson or an affiliate or customer for whom Pearson is a service provider. Marketing preferences may be changed at any time.

Correcting/Updating Personal Information

If a user's personally identifiable information changes (such as your postal address or email address), we provide a way to correct or update that user's personal data provided to us. This can be done on the Account page. If a user no longer desires our service and desires to delete his or her account, please contact us at customer-service@informit.com and we will process the deletion of a user's account.

Choice/Opt-out

Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by InformIT. If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.informit.com/u.aspx.

Sale of Personal Information

Pearson does not rent or sell personal information in exchange for any payment of money.

While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents

California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure

Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

As required by law.
With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links

This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact

Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice

We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020

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